The global option, yardstick.event_first, has been deprecated in favor of the new explicit argument, event_level. All metric functions that previously supported changing the “event” level have gained this new argument. The global option was a historical design decision that can be classified as a case of a hidden argument. Existing code that relied on this global option will continue to work in this version of yardstick, however you will now get a once-per-session warning that requests that you update to instead use the explicit event_level argument. The global option will be completely removed in a future version. To update, follow the guide below (#163).
`options(yardstick.event_first = TRUE)` -> `event_level = "first"` (the default)
`options(yardstick.event_first = FALSE)` -> `event_level = "second"`The roc_auc() Hand-Till multiclass estimator will now ignore levels in truth that occur zero times in the actual data. With other methods of multiclass averaging, this usually returns an NA, however, ignoring levels in this manner is more consistent with implementations in the HandTill2001 and pROC packages (#123).
roc_auc() and roc_curve() now set direction = "<" when computing the ROC curve using pROC::roc(). Results were being computed incorrectly with direction = "auto" when most probability values were predicting the wrong class (#123).
mn_log_loss() now respects the (deprecated) global option yardstick.event_first. However, you should instead change the relevant event level through the event_level argument.
metric_set() now strips the package name when auto-labeling functions (@rorynolan, #151).
There are three new helper functions for more easily creating custom metric functions: new_class_metric(), new_prob_metric(), and new_numeric_metric().
Rcpp has been removed as a direct dependency.
roc_auc() now warns when there are no events or controls in the provided truth column, and returns NA (@dpastling, #132).
Adds sensitivity() and specificity() as aliases for sens() and spec() respectively, avoids conflict with other packages e.g. readr::spec().
roc_aunu() and roc_aunp() are two new ROC AUC metrics for multiclass classifiers. These measure the AUC of each class against the rest, roc_aunu() using the uniform class distribution (#69) and roc_aunp() using the a priori class distribution (#70).
The autoplot() heat map for confusion matrices now places the predicted values on the x axis and the truth values on the y axis to be more consistent with the confusion matrix print() method.
The autoplot() mosaic plot for confusion matrices had the x and y axis labels backwards. This has been corrected.
iic() is a new numeric metric for computing the index of ideality of correlation. It can be seen as a potential alternative to the traditional correlation coefficient, and has been used in QSAR models (@jyuu, #115).
average_precision() is a new probability metric that can be used as an alternative to pr_auc(). It has the benefit of avoiding any issues of ambiguity in the case where recall == 0 and the current number of false positives is 0.
metric_set() output now includes a metrics attribute which contains a list of the original metric functions used to generate the metric set.
Each metric function now has a direction attribute attached to it, specifying whether to minimize or maximize the metric.
Classification metrics that can potentially have a 0 value denominator now throw an informative warning when this case occurs. These include recall(), precision(), sens(), and spec() (#98).
The autoplot() method for pr_curve() has been improved to always set the axis limits to c(0, 1).
All valid arguments to pROC::roc() are now utilized, including those passed on to pROC::auc().
Documentation for class probability metrics has been improved with more informative examples (@rudeboybert, #100).
mn_log_loss() now uses the min/max rule before computing the log of the estimated probabilities to avoid problematic undefined log values (#103).
pr_curve() now places a 1 as the first precision value, rather than NA. While NA is technically correct as precision is undefined here, 1 is practically more correct because it generates a correct PR Curve graph and, more importantly, allows pr_auc() to compute the correct AUC.
pr_curve() could generate the wrong results in the somewhat rare case when two class probability estimates were the same, but had different truth values.
pr_curve() (and subsequently pr_auc()) now generates the correct curve when there are duplicate class probability values (reported by @dariyasydykova, #93).
Binary mcc() now avoids integer overflow when the confusion matrix elements are large (#108).
mase() is a numeric metric for the mean absolute scaled error. It is generally useful when forecasting with time series (@alexhallam, #68).
huber_loss() is a numeric metric that is less sensitive to outliers than rmse(), but is more sensitive than mae() for small errors (@blairj09, #71).
huber_loss_pseudo() is a smoothed form of huber_loss() (@blairj09, #71).
smape() is a numeric metric that is based on percentage errors (@riazhedayati, #67).
conf_mat objects now have two ggplot2::autoplot() methods for easy visualization of the confusion matrix as either a heat map or a mosaic plot (@EmilHvitfeldt, #10).
metric_set() now returns a classed function. If numeric metrics are used, a "numeric_metric_set" function is returned. If class or probability metrics are used, a "class_prob_metric_set" is returned.Tests related to the fixed R 3.6 sample() function have been fixed.
f_meas() propagates NA values from precision() and recall() correctly (#77).
All "micro" estimators now propagate NA values through correctly.
roc_auc(estimator = "hand_till") now correctly computes the metric when the column names of the probability matrix are not the exact same as the levels of truth. Note that the computation still assumes that the order of the supplied probability matrix columns still matches the order of levels(truth), like other multiclass metrics (#86).
A desire to standardize the yardstick API is what drove these breaking changes. The output of each metric is now in line with tidy principles, returning a tibble rather than a single numeric. Additionally, all metrics now have a standard argument list so you should be able to switch between metrics and combine them together effortlessly.
All metrics now return a tibble rather than a single numeric value. This format allows metrics to work with grouped data frames (for resamples). It also allows you to bundle multiple metrics together with a new function, metric_set().
For all class probability metrics, now only 1 column can be passed to ... when a binary implementation is used. Those metrics will no longer select only the first column when multiple columns are supplied, and will instead throw an error.
The summary() method for conf_mat objects now returns a tibble to be consistent with the change to the metric functions.
For naming consistency, mnLogLoss() was renamed to mn_log_loss()
mn_log_loss() now returns the negative log loss for the multinomial distribution.
The argument na.rm has been changed to na_rm in all metrics to align with the tidymodels model implementation principles.
Each metric now has a vector interface to go alongside the data frame interface. All vector functions end in _vec(). The vector interface accepts vector/matrix inputs and returns a single numeric value.
Multiclass support has been added for each classification metric. The support varies from one metric to the next, but generally macro and micro averaging is available for all metrics, with some metrics having specialized multiclass implementations (for example, roc_auc() supports the multiclass generalization presented in a paper by Hand and Till). For more information, see vignette("multiclass", "yardstick").
All metrics now work with grouped data frames. This produces a tibble with as many rows as there are groups, and is useful when used alongside resampling techniques.
mape() calculates the mean absolute percent error.
kap() is a metric similar to accuracy() that calculates Cohen’s kappa.
detection_prevalence() calculates the number of predicted positive events relative to the total number of predictions.
bal_accuracy() calculates balanced accuracy as the average of sensitivity and specificity.
roc_curve() calculates receiver operator curves and returns the results as a tibble.
pr_curve() calculates precision recall curves.
gain_curve() and lift_curve() calculate the information used in gain and lift curves.
gain_capture() is a measure of performance similar in spirit to AUC but applied to a gain curve.
pr_curve(), roc_curve(), gain_curve() and lift_curve() all have ggplot2::autoplot() methods for easy visualization.
metric_set() constructs functions that calculate multiple metrics at once.
The infrastructure for creating metrics has been exposed to allow users to extend yardstick to work with their own metrics. You might want to do this if you want your metrics to work with grouped data frames out of the box, or if you want the standardization and error checking that yardstick already provides. See vignette("custom-metrics", "yardstick") for a few examples.
A vignette describing the three classes of metrics used in yardstick has been added. It also includes a list of every metric available, grouped by class. See vignette("metric-types", "yardstick").
The error messages in yardstick should now be much more informative, with better feedback about the types of input that each metric can use and about what kinds of metrics can be used together (i.e. in metric_set()).
There is now a grouped_df method for conf_mat() that returns a tibble with a list column of conf_mat objects.
Each metric now has its own help page. This allows us to better document the nuances of each metric without cluttering the help pages of other metrics.
broom has been removed from Depends, and is replaced by generics in Suggests.
tidyr and ggplot2 have been moved to Suggests.
MLmetrics has been removed as a dependency.