In packages

Introduction

This vignette serves two distinct, but related, purposes:

Before we go on, we’ll attach the packages we use, expose the version of tidyr, and make a small dataset to use in examples.

library(tidyr)
library(dplyr, warn.conflicts = FALSE)
library(purrr)

packageVersion("tidyr")
#> [1] '1.1.1'

mini_iris <- as_tibble(iris)[c(1, 2, 51, 52, 101, 102), ]
mini_iris
#> # A tibble: 6 x 5
#>   Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species   
#>          <dbl>       <dbl>        <dbl>       <dbl> <fct>     
#> 1          5.1         3.5          1.4         0.2 setosa    
#> 2          4.9         3            1.4         0.2 setosa    
#> 3          7           3.2          4.7         1.4 versicolor
#> 4          6.4         3.2          4.5         1.5 versicolor
#> 5          6.3         3.3          6           2.5 virginica 
#> 6          5.8         2.7          5.1         1.9 virginica

Using tidyr in packages

Here we assume that you’re already familiar with using tidyr in functions, as described in vignette("programming.Rmd). There are two important considerations when using tidyr in a package:

Fixed column names

If you know the column names, this code works in the same way regardless of whether its inside or outside of a package:

mini_iris %>% nest(
  petal = c(Petal.Length, Petal.Width), 
  sepal = c(Sepal.Length, Sepal.Width)
)
#> # A tibble: 3 x 3
#>   Species    petal            sepal           
#>   <fct>      <list>           <list>          
#> 1 setosa     <tibble [2 × 2]> <tibble [2 × 2]>
#> 2 versicolor <tibble [2 × 2]> <tibble [2 × 2]>
#> 3 virginica  <tibble [2 × 2]> <tibble [2 × 2]>

But R CMD check will warn about undefined global variables (Petal.Length, Petal.Width, Sepal.Length, and Sepal.Width), because it doesn’t know that nest() is looking for the variables inside of mini_iris (i.e. Petal.Length and friends are data-variables, not env-variables).

The easiest way to silence this note is to use all_of(). all_of() is a tidyselect helper (like starts_with(), ends_with(), etc.) that takes column names stored as strings:

mini_iris %>% nest(
  petal = all_of(c("Petal.Length", "Petal.Width")), 
  sepal = all_of(c("Sepal.Length", "Sepal.Width"))
)
#> # A tibble: 3 x 3
#>   Species    petal            sepal           
#>   <fct>      <list>           <list>          
#> 1 setosa     <tibble [2 × 2]> <tibble [2 × 2]>
#> 2 versicolor <tibble [2 × 2]> <tibble [2 × 2]>
#> 3 virginica  <tibble [2 × 2]> <tibble [2 × 2]>

Alternatively, you may want to use any_of() if it is OK that some of the specified variables cannot be found in the input data.

The tidyselect package offers an entire family of select helpers. You are probably already familiar with them from using dplyr::select().

Continuous integration

Hopefully you’ve already adopted continuous integration for your package, in which R CMD check (which includes your own tests) is run on a regular basis, e.g. every time you push changes to your package’s source on GitHub or similar. The tidyverse team currently relies most heavily on GitHub Actions, so that will be our example. usethis::use_github_action() can help you get started.

We recommend adding a workflow that targets the devel version of tidyr. When should you do this?

Example of a GitHub Actions workflow that tests your package against the development version of tidyr:

on:
  push:
    branches:
      - master
  pull_request:
    branches:
      - master

name: R-CMD-check-tidyr-devel

jobs:
  R-CMD-check:
    runs-on: macOS-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
      - uses: r-lib/actions/setup-r@master
      - name: Install dependencies
        run: |
          install.packages(c("remotes", "rcmdcheck"))
          remotes::install_deps(dependencies = TRUE)
          remotes::install_github("tidyverse/tidyr")
        shell: Rscript {0}
      - name: Check
        run: rcmdcheck::rcmdcheck(args = "--no-manual", error_on = "error")
        shell: Rscript {0}

GitHub Actions are an evolving landscape, so you can always mine the workflows for tidyr itself (tidyverse/tidyr/.github/workflows) or the main r-lib/actions repo for ideas.

tidyr v0.8.3 -> v1.0.0

v1.0.0 makes considerable changes to the interface of nest() and unnest() in order to bring them in line with newer tidyverse conventions. I have tried to make the functions as backward compatible as possible and to give informative warning messages, but I could not cover 100% of use cases, so you may need to change your package code. This guide will help you do so with a minimum of pain.

Ideally, you’ll tweak your package so that it works with both tidyr 0.8.3 and tidyr 1.0.0. This makes life considerably easier because it means there’s no need to coordinate CRAN submissions - you can submit your package that works with both tidyr versions, before I submit tidyr to CRAN. This section describes our recommend practices for doing so, drawing from the general principles described in https://principles.tidyverse.org/changes-multivers.html.

If you use continuous integration already, we strongly recommend adding a build that tests with the development version of tidyr; see above for details.

This section briefly describes how to run different code for different versions of tidyr, then goes through the major changes that might require workarounds:

If you’re struggling with a problem that’s not described here, please reach out via github or email so we can help out.

Conditional code

Sometimes you’ll be able to write code that works with v0.8.3 and v1.0.0. But this often requires code that’s not particularly natural for either version and you’d be better off to (temporarily) have separate code paths, each containing non-contrived code. You get to re-use your existing code in the “old” branch, which will eventually be phased out, and write clean, forward-looking code in the “new” branch.

The basic approach looks like this. First you define a function that returns TRUE for new versions of tidyr:

tidyr_new_interface <- function() {
  packageVersion("tidyr") > "0.8.99"
}

We highly recommend keeping this as a function because it provides an obvious place to jot any transition notes for your package, and it makes it easier to remove transitional code later on. Another benefit is that the tidyr version is determined at run time, not at build time, and will therefore detect your user’s current tidyr version.

Then in your functions, you use an if statement to call different code for different versions:

my_function_inside_a_package <- function(...)
  # my code here

  if (tidyr_new_interface()) {
    # Freshly written code for v1.0.0
    out <- tidyr::nest(df, data = one_of("x", "y", "z"))
  } else {
    # Existing code for v0.8.3
    out <- tidyr::nest(df, x, y, z)
  }

  # more code here
}

If your new code uses a function that only exists in tidyr 1.0.0, you will get a NOTE from R CMD check: this is one of the few notes that you can explain in your CRAN submission comments. Just mention that it’s for forward compatibility with tidyr 1.0.0, and CRAN will let your package through.

New syntax for nest()

What changed:

Why it changed:

Before and after examples:

# v0.8.3
mini_iris %>% 
  nest(Sepal.Length, Sepal.Width, Petal.Length, Petal.Width, .key = "my_data")

# v1.0.0
mini_iris %>% 
  nest(my_data = c(Sepal.Length, Sepal.Width, Petal.Length, Petal.Width))

# v1.0.0 avoiding R CMD check NOTE
mini_iris %>% 
  nest(my_data = one_of(c("Sepal.Length", "Sepal.Width", "Petal.Length", "Petal.Width")))

# or equivalently:
mini_iris %>% 
  nest(my_data = -one_of("Species"))

If you need a quick and dirty fix without having to think, just call nest_legacy() instead of nest(). It’s the same as nest() in v0.8.3:

if (tidyr_new_interface()) {
  out <- tidyr::nest_legacy(df, x, y, z)
} else {
  out <- tidyr::nest(df, x, y, z)
}

New syntax for unnest()

What changed:

Why it changed:

Before and after:

nested <- mini_iris %>% 
  nest(my_data = c(Sepal.Length, Sepal.Width, Petal.Length, Petal.Width))

# v0.8.3 automatically unnests list-cols
nested %>% unnest()

# v1.0.0 must be told which columns to unnest
nested %>% unnest(one_of("my_data"))

If you need a quick and dirty fix without having to think, just call unnest_legacy() instead of unnest(). It’s the same as unnest() in v0.8.3:

if (tidyr_new_interface()) {
  out <- tidyr::unnest_legacy(df)
} else {
  out <- tidyr::unnest(df)
}

nest() preserves groups

What changed:

Why it changed:

If the fact that nest() now preserves groups is problematic downstream, you have a few choices:

Imagine we used group_by() then nest() on mini_iris, then we computed on the list-column outside the data frame.

(df <- mini_iris %>% 
   group_by(Species) %>% 
   nest())
#> # A tibble: 3 x 2
#> # Groups:   Species [3]
#>   Species    data            
#>   <fct>      <list>          
#> 1 setosa     <tibble [2 × 4]>
#> 2 versicolor <tibble [2 × 4]>
#> 3 virginica  <tibble [2 × 4]>
(external_variable <- map_int(df$data, nrow))
#> [1] 2 2 2

And now we try to add that back to the data post hoc:

df %>% 
  mutate(n_rows = external_variable)
#> Error: Problem with `mutate()` input `n_rows`.
#> x Input `n_rows` can't be recycled to size 1.
#> ℹ Input `n_rows` is `external_variable`.
#> ℹ Input `n_rows` must be size 1, not 3.
#> ℹ The error occured in group 1: Species = "setosa".

This fails because df is grouped and mutate() is group-aware, so it’s hard to add a completely external variable. Other than pragmatically ungroup()ing, what can we do? One option is to work inside the data frame, i.e. bring the map() inside the mutate(), and design the problem away:

df %>% 
  mutate(n_rows = map_int(data, nrow))
#> # A tibble: 3 x 3
#> # Groups:   Species [3]
#>   Species    data             n_rows
#>   <fct>      <list>            <int>
#> 1 setosa     <tibble [2 × 4]>      2
#> 2 versicolor <tibble [2 × 4]>      2
#> 3 virginica  <tibble [2 × 4]>      2

If, somehow, the grouping seems appropriate AND working inside the data frame is not an option, tibble::add_column() is group-unaware. It lets you add external data to a grouped data frame.

df %>% 
  tibble::add_column(n_rows = external_variable)
#> # A tibble: 3 x 3
#> # Groups:   Species [3]
#>   Species    data             n_rows
#>   <fct>      <list>            <int>
#> 1 setosa     <tibble [2 × 4]>      2
#> 2 versicolor <tibble [2 × 4]>      2
#> 3 virginica  <tibble [2 × 4]>      2

nest_() and unnest_() are defunct

What changed:

Why it changed:

Before and after:

# v0.8.3
mini_iris %>% 
  nest_(
    key_col = "my_data",
    nest_cols = c("Sepal.Length", "Sepal.Width", "Petal.Length", "Petal.Width")
  )

nested %>% unnest_(~ my_data)

# v1.0.0
mini_iris %>% 
  nest(my_data = one_of("Sepal.Length", "Sepal.Width", "Petal.Length", "Petal.Width"))

nested %>% unnest(one_of("my_data"))