rglobi allows easy access to the GLoBI database by wrapping the existing API.
rglobiFor released version, use:
install.packages("rglobi")
For most recent development version, use:
install.packages("devtools")
##
## The downloaded binary packages are in
## /var/folders/v4/0_y78_xj1x7b72l89cwc2kq80000gp/T//RtmpF6qc1T/downloaded_packages
devtools::install_github("ropensci/rglobi")
## Downloading github repo ropensci/rglobi@master
## Installing rglobi
## '/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Resources/bin/R' --vanilla CMD INSTALL \
## '/private/var/folders/v4/0_y78_xj1x7b72l89cwc2kq80000gp/T/RtmpF6qc1T/devtools15b730380a08/ropensci-rglobi-0b49250' \
## --library='/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/3.1/Resources/library' \
## --install-tests
##
## Reloading installed rglobi
library("rglobi")
Determining which species interact with each other (and how and where) is a major focus of ecology. The Global Biotic Interactions Database offers data on multiple interaction types, and the rglobi library offers several ways to specify and access these interactions. get_interactions() is the primary function used if data on a specific interaction type is required. A focus taxon is entered (may be specified as “Genus species” or higher level (e.g., Genus, Family, Class)).
hsapiens <- get_interactions(taxon = "Homo sapiens", interaction.type = "preysOn")
head(hsapiens)
## source_taxon_external_id source_taxon_name
## 1 EOL:327955 Homo sapiens
## 2 EOL:327955 Homo sapiens
## 3 EOL:327955 Homo sapiens
## 4 EOL:327955 Homo sapiens
## 5 EOL:327955 Homo sapiens
## 6 EOL:327955 Homo sapiens
## source_taxon_path
## 1 Animalia | Bilateria | Deuterostomia | Chordata | Vertebrata | Gnathostomata | Tetrapoda | Mammalia | Theria | Eutheria | Primates | Haplorrhini | Simiiformes | Hominoidea | Hominidae | Homininae | Homo | Homo sapiens
## 2 Animalia | Bilateria | Deuterostomia | Chordata | Vertebrata | Gnathostomata | Tetrapoda | Mammalia | Theria | Eutheria | Primates | Haplorrhini | Simiiformes | Hominoidea | Hominidae | Homininae | Homo | Homo sapiens
## 3 Animalia | Bilateria | Deuterostomia | Chordata | Vertebrata | Gnathostomata | Tetrapoda | Mammalia | Theria | Eutheria | Primates | Haplorrhini | Simiiformes | Hominoidea | Hominidae | Homininae | Homo | Homo sapiens
## 4 Animalia | Bilateria | Deuterostomia | Chordata | Vertebrata | Gnathostomata | Tetrapoda | Mammalia | Theria | Eutheria | Primates | Haplorrhini | Simiiformes | Hominoidea | Hominidae | Homininae | Homo | Homo sapiens
## 5 Animalia | Bilateria | Deuterostomia | Chordata | Vertebrata | Gnathostomata | Tetrapoda | Mammalia | Theria | Eutheria | Primates | Haplorrhini | Simiiformes | Hominoidea | Hominidae | Homininae | Homo | Homo sapiens
## 6 Animalia | Bilateria | Deuterostomia | Chordata | Vertebrata | Gnathostomata | Tetrapoda | Mammalia | Theria | Eutheria | Primates | Haplorrhini | Simiiformes | Hominoidea | Hominidae | Homininae | Homo | Homo sapiens
## source_specimen_life_stage interaction_type target_taxon_external_id
## 1 NA preysOn EOL:328048
## 2 NA preysOn EOL:328716
## 3 NA preysOn EOL:1666
## 4 NA preysOn EOL:326518
## 5 NA preysOn EOL:4453589
## 6 NA preysOn EOL:2815988
## target_taxon_name
## 1 Nandinia binotata
## 2 Cephalophus monticola
## 3 Manidae
## 4 Atherurus africanus
## 5 Cercopithecus nictitans nictitans
## 6 Serpentes
## target_taxon_path
## 1 Animalia | Chordata | Mammalia | Carnivora | Nandiniidae | Nandinia | Nandinia binotata
## 2 Animalia | Chordata | Mammalia | Artiodactyla | Bovidae | Cephalophus | Cephalophus monticola
## 3 Animalia | Chordata | Mammalia | Pholidota | Manidae
## 4 Animalia | Chordata | Mammalia | Rodentia | Hystricidae | Atherurus | Atherurus africanus
## 5 Animalia | Bilateria | Deuterostomia | Chordata | Vertebrata | Gnathostomata | Tetrapoda | Mammalia | Theria | Eutheria | Primates | Haplorrhini | Simiiformes | Cercopithecoidea | Cercopithecidae | Cercopithecinae | Cercopithecini | Cercopithecus | Cercopithecus nictitans | Cercopithecus nictitans nictitans
## 6 Animalia | Bilateria | Deuterostomia | Chordata | Vertebrata | Gnathostomata | Tetrapoda | Reptilia | Squamata | Serpentes
## target_specimen_life_stage latitude longitude study_title
## 1 NA NA NA NA
## 2 NA NA NA NA
## 3 NA NA NA NA
## 4 NA NA NA NA
## 5 NA NA NA NA
## 6 NA NA NA NA
get_predators_of() and get_prey_of() are wrappers for get_interactions() that remove the need to specify interaction type
hsapiens <- get_prey_of("Homo sapiens")
head(hsapiens)
## source_taxon_external_id source_taxon_name
## 1 EOL:327955 Homo sapiens
## 2 EOL:327955 Homo sapiens
## 3 EOL:327955 Homo sapiens
## 4 EOL:327955 Homo sapiens
## 5 EOL:327955 Homo sapiens
## 6 EOL:327955 Homo sapiens
## source_taxon_path
## 1 Animalia | Bilateria | Deuterostomia | Chordata | Vertebrata | Gnathostomata | Tetrapoda | Mammalia | Theria | Eutheria | Primates | Haplorrhini | Simiiformes | Hominoidea | Hominidae | Homininae | Homo | Homo sapiens
## 2 Animalia | Bilateria | Deuterostomia | Chordata | Vertebrata | Gnathostomata | Tetrapoda | Mammalia | Theria | Eutheria | Primates | Haplorrhini | Simiiformes | Hominoidea | Hominidae | Homininae | Homo | Homo sapiens
## 3 Animalia | Bilateria | Deuterostomia | Chordata | Vertebrata | Gnathostomata | Tetrapoda | Mammalia | Theria | Eutheria | Primates | Haplorrhini | Simiiformes | Hominoidea | Hominidae | Homininae | Homo | Homo sapiens
## 4 Animalia | Bilateria | Deuterostomia | Chordata | Vertebrata | Gnathostomata | Tetrapoda | Mammalia | Theria | Eutheria | Primates | Haplorrhini | Simiiformes | Hominoidea | Hominidae | Homininae | Homo | Homo sapiens
## 5 Animalia | Bilateria | Deuterostomia | Chordata | Vertebrata | Gnathostomata | Tetrapoda | Mammalia | Theria | Eutheria | Primates | Haplorrhini | Simiiformes | Hominoidea | Hominidae | Homininae | Homo | Homo sapiens
## 6 Animalia | Bilateria | Deuterostomia | Chordata | Vertebrata | Gnathostomata | Tetrapoda | Mammalia | Theria | Eutheria | Primates | Haplorrhini | Simiiformes | Hominoidea | Hominidae | Homininae | Homo | Homo sapiens
## source_specimen_life_stage interaction_type target_taxon_external_id
## 1 NA preysOn EOL:328048
## 2 NA preysOn EOL:328716
## 3 NA preysOn EOL:1666
## 4 NA preysOn EOL:326518
## 5 NA preysOn EOL:4453589
## 6 NA preysOn EOL:2815988
## target_taxon_name
## 1 Nandinia binotata
## 2 Cephalophus monticola
## 3 Manidae
## 4 Atherurus africanus
## 5 Cercopithecus nictitans nictitans
## 6 Serpentes
## target_taxon_path
## 1 Animalia | Chordata | Mammalia | Carnivora | Nandiniidae | Nandinia | Nandinia binotata
## 2 Animalia | Chordata | Mammalia | Artiodactyla | Bovidae | Cephalophus | Cephalophus monticola
## 3 Animalia | Chordata | Mammalia | Pholidota | Manidae
## 4 Animalia | Chordata | Mammalia | Rodentia | Hystricidae | Atherurus | Atherurus africanus
## 5 Animalia | Bilateria | Deuterostomia | Chordata | Vertebrata | Gnathostomata | Tetrapoda | Mammalia | Theria | Eutheria | Primates | Haplorrhini | Simiiformes | Cercopithecoidea | Cercopithecidae | Cercopithecinae | Cercopithecini | Cercopithecus | Cercopithecus nictitans | Cercopithecus nictitans nictitans
## 6 Animalia | Bilateria | Deuterostomia | Chordata | Vertebrata | Gnathostomata | Tetrapoda | Reptilia | Squamata | Serpentes
## target_specimen_life_stage latitude longitude study_title
## 1 NA NA NA NA
## 2 NA NA NA NA
## 3 NA NA NA NA
## 4 NA NA NA NA
## 5 NA NA NA NA
## 6 NA NA NA NA
For a complete list of supported interaction types,
get_interaction_types()
## interaction source target
## 1 preysOn predator prey
## 2 preyedUponBy prey predator
## 3 parasiteOf parasite host
## 4 hasParasite host parasite
## 5 pollinates pollinator plant
## 6 pollinatedBy plant pollinator
## 7 pathogenOf pathogen host
## 8 hasPathogen plant pollinator
## 9 symbiontOf source target
## 10 interactsWith source target
For data sources in which type of interactions was not specified, the interaction is labeled “interacts_with”.
If you wish to view all interactions instead of specific types (e.g., parasitism and predation instead of just one of the two), the get_interactions_by_taxa() function allows this. In addition, the function provides options to search for interactions between two groups (source and target taxa, see above table) and only find interactions in a certain region.
rattus <- get_interactions_by_taxa(sourcetaxon = "Rattus")
head(rattus)
## source_taxon_external_id source_taxon_name
## 1 EOL:328447 Rattus rattus
## 2 EOL:328447 Rattus rattus
## 3 EOL:328447 Rattus rattus
## 4 EOL:328447 Rattus rattus
## 5 EOL:328447 Rattus rattus
## 6 EOL:328447 Rattus rattus
## source_taxon_path
## 1 Animalia | Bilateria | Deuterostomia | Chordata | Vertebrata | Gnathostomata | Tetrapoda | Mammalia | Theria | Eutheria | Rodentia | Myomorpha | Muridae | Murinae | Rattus | Rattus rattus
## 2 Animalia | Bilateria | Deuterostomia | Chordata | Vertebrata | Gnathostomata | Tetrapoda | Mammalia | Theria | Eutheria | Rodentia | Myomorpha | Muridae | Murinae | Rattus | Rattus rattus
## 3 Animalia | Bilateria | Deuterostomia | Chordata | Vertebrata | Gnathostomata | Tetrapoda | Mammalia | Theria | Eutheria | Rodentia | Myomorpha | Muridae | Murinae | Rattus | Rattus rattus
## 4 Animalia | Bilateria | Deuterostomia | Chordata | Vertebrata | Gnathostomata | Tetrapoda | Mammalia | Theria | Eutheria | Rodentia | Myomorpha | Muridae | Murinae | Rattus | Rattus rattus
## 5 Animalia | Bilateria | Deuterostomia | Chordata | Vertebrata | Gnathostomata | Tetrapoda | Mammalia | Theria | Eutheria | Rodentia | Myomorpha | Muridae | Murinae | Rattus | Rattus rattus
## 6 Animalia | Bilateria | Deuterostomia | Chordata | Vertebrata | Gnathostomata | Tetrapoda | Mammalia | Theria | Eutheria | Rodentia | Myomorpha | Muridae | Murinae | Rattus | Rattus rattus
## source_specimen_life_stage interaction_type target_taxon_external_id
## 1 NA interactsWith EOL:13340393
## 2 NA interactsWith EOL:10702710
## 3 NA interactsWith EOL:5004474
## 4 NA interactsWith EOL:4968671
## 5 NA interactsWith EOL:4965412
## 6 NA interactsWith EOL:4963889
## target_taxon_name
## 1 Mastophorus muris
## 2 Trypanosoma lewisi
## 3 Calodium hepaticum
## 4 Raillietina
## 5 Nippostrongylus brasiliensis
## 6 Syphacia
## target_taxon_path
## 1 Animalia | Nematoda | Secernentea | Spirurida | Spiruridae | Mastophorus | Mastophorus muris
## 2 Cellular organisms | Eukaryota | Euglenozoa | Kinetoplastida | Trypanosomatidae | Trypanosoma | Herpetosoma | Trypanosoma lewisi
## 3 Calodium hepaticum
## 4 Animalia | Platyhelminthes | Cestoda | Cyclophyllidea | Davaineidae | Raillietina
## 5 Animalia | Nematoda | Secernentea | Strongylida | Heligosomidae | Nippostrongylus | Nippostrongylus brasiliensis
## 6 Animalia | Nematoda | Secernentea | Ascaridida | Oxyuridae | Syphacia
## target_specimen_life_stage latitude longitude study_title
## 1 NA NA NA NA
## 2 NA NA NA NA
## 3 NA NA NA NA
## 4 NA NA NA NA
## 5 NA NA NA NA
## 6 NA NA NA NA
Only a source taxa need be identified, but you can also specify a target taxon and/or geographic boundary (Coordinates must be in decimal degrees (EPSG:4326) and correspond to the west, south, east, and northern boundaries (i.e., min x, min y, max x, max y).
aves_crustacea_northern_hemisphere <- get_interactions_by_taxa( sourcetaxon = "Aves", targettaxon = "Crustacea", bbox=c(-180, 0, 180, 90 ))
head(aves_crustacea_northern_hemisphere)
## source_taxon_external_id source_taxon_name
## 1 EOL:18884 Cepphus
## 2 EOL:1047918 Anas platyrhynchos
## 3 EOL:1049560 Recurvirostra americana
## 4 EOL:1049376 Arenaria melanocephala
## 5 EOL:1048977 Bucephala albeola
## 6 EOL:1048977 Bucephala albeola
## source_taxon_path
## 1 Animalia | Chordata | Aves | Charadriiformes | Alcidae | Cepphus
## 2 Animalia | Chordata | Aves | Anseriformes | Anatidae | Anas | Anas platyrhynchos
## 3 Animalia | Chordata | Aves | Charadriiformes | Recurvirostridae | Recurvirostra | Recurvirostra americana
## 4 Animalia | Chordata | Aves | Charadriiformes | Scolopacidae | Arenaria | Arenaria melanocephala
## 5 Animalia | Chordata | Aves | Anseriformes | Anatidae | Bucephala | Bucephala albeola
## 6 Animalia | Chordata | Aves | Anseriformes | Anatidae | Bucephala | Bucephala albeola
## source_specimen_life_stage interaction_type target_taxon_external_id
## 1 NA preysOn EOL:2625033
## 2 NA preysOn EOL:2620777
## 3 NA interactsWith EOL:2625033
## 4 NA preysOn EOL:2620777
## 5 NA interactsWith EOL:2625033
## 6 NA preysOn EOL:2620777
## target_taxon_name
## 1 Copepoda
## 2 Gammaridea
## 3 Copepoda
## 4 Gammaridea
## 5 Copepoda
## 6 Gammaridea
## target_taxon_path
## 1 Animalia | Bilateria | Protostomia | Ecdysozoa | Arthropoda | Crustacea | Maxillopoda | Copepoda
## 2 Animalia | Bilateria | Protostomia | Ecdysozoa | Arthropoda | Crustacea | Malacostraca | Eumalacostraca | Peracarida | Amphipoda | Gammaridea
## 3 Animalia | Bilateria | Protostomia | Ecdysozoa | Arthropoda | Crustacea | Maxillopoda | Copepoda
## 4 Animalia | Bilateria | Protostomia | Ecdysozoa | Arthropoda | Crustacea | Malacostraca | Eumalacostraca | Peracarida | Amphipoda | Gammaridea
## 5 Animalia | Bilateria | Protostomia | Ecdysozoa | Arthropoda | Crustacea | Maxillopoda | Copepoda
## 6 Animalia | Bilateria | Protostomia | Ecdysozoa | Arthropoda | Crustacea | Malacostraca | Eumalacostraca | Peracarida | Amphipoda | Gammaridea
## target_specimen_life_stage latitude longitude study_title
## 1 NA NA NA NA
## 2 NA NA NA NA
## 3 NA NA NA NA
## 4 NA NA NA NA
## 5 NA NA NA NA
## 6 NA NA NA NA
Instead of a taxon-specific approach, users may also wish to gather information on all interactions occuring in a specific area. For example, a group developing ecoystem models for the Gulf of Mexico may want to consider all the data from that region. rglobi enables this type of search by allowing users to specify a rectangular bounding box. Coordinates must be in decimal degrees (EPSG:4326) and correspond to the west, south, east, and northern boundaries (i.e., min x, min y, max x, max y).
gulfinteractions <- get_interactions_in_area( bbox=c(-97.0, 17.5, -81, 31))
head(gulfinteractions)
## source_taxon_external_id source_taxon_name
## 1 EOL:1 Animalia
## 2 EOL:1905 Actinopterygii
## 3 EOL:2598871 Crustacea
## 4 EOL:208553 Chloroscombrus chrysurus
## 5 EOL:208553 Chloroscombrus chrysurus
## 6 EOL:208553 Chloroscombrus chrysurus
## source_taxon_path
## 1 Animalia
## 2 Biota | Animalia | Chordata | Vertebrata | Gnathostomata | Pisces | Actinopterygii
## 3 Animalia | Bilateria | Protostomia | Ecdysozoa | Arthropoda | Crustacea
## 4 Animalia | Chordata | Actinopterygii | Perciformes | Carangidae | Chloroscombrus | Chloroscombrus chrysurus
## 5 Animalia | Chordata | Actinopterygii | Perciformes | Carangidae | Chloroscombrus | Chloroscombrus chrysurus
## 6 Animalia | Chordata | Actinopterygii | Perciformes | Carangidae | Chloroscombrus | Chloroscombrus chrysurus
## source_specimen_life_stage interaction_type target_taxon_external_id
## 1 NA preyedUponBy EOL:208553
## 2 NA preyedUponBy EOL:208553
## 3 NA preyedUponBy EOL:208553
## 4 NA preysOn EOL:1
## 5 NA preysOn EOL:1905
## 6 NA preysOn EOL:2598871
## target_taxon_name
## 1 Chloroscombrus chrysurus
## 2 Chloroscombrus chrysurus
## 3 Chloroscombrus chrysurus
## 4 Animalia
## 5 Actinopterygii
## 6 Crustacea
## target_taxon_path
## 1 Animalia | Chordata | Actinopterygii | Perciformes | Carangidae | Chloroscombrus | Chloroscombrus chrysurus
## 2 Animalia | Chordata | Actinopterygii | Perciformes | Carangidae | Chloroscombrus | Chloroscombrus chrysurus
## 3 Animalia | Chordata | Actinopterygii | Perciformes | Carangidae | Chloroscombrus | Chloroscombrus chrysurus
## 4 Animalia
## 5 Biota | Animalia | Chordata | Vertebrata | Gnathostomata | Pisces | Actinopterygii
## 6 Animalia | Bilateria | Protostomia | Ecdysozoa | Arthropoda | Crustacea
## target_specimen_life_stage latitude longitude study_title
## 1 NA NA NA NA
## 2 NA NA NA NA
## 3 NA NA NA NA
## 4 NA NA NA NA
## 5 NA NA NA NA
## 6 NA NA NA NA
To see all locations for which interactions have entered in GloBI,
areas <- get_interaction_areas()
head(areas)
## Latitude Longitude
## 1 29.34695 -92.98061
## 2 29.03260 -92.28701
## 3 28.03673 -96.11108
## 4 27.62409 -95.77403
## 5 26.33146 -96.03294
## 6 30.25024 -86.13114
You can also restrict this search to a certain area:
areas <- get_interaction_areas (bbox=c(-67.87,12.79,-57.08,23.32))
head(areas)
## Latitude Longitude
## 1251 18.24829 -66.49989
## 1255 18.33884 -65.82572
## 1268 18.06667 -63.06667
## 1339 13.16667 -59.53333
Currently, GloBI is powered by neo4j, a graph database. Most results created by the R functions provided by rglobi are basically wrappers for commonly used cypher queries. This way, you can still use the library without having to learn Cypher, a graph query language. However, if you feel adventurous, you can execute queries using Cypher only using the function query():
result <- query("START taxon = node:taxons(name='Homo sapiens') MATCH taxon<-[:CLASSIFIED_AS]-predator-[:ATE|PREYS_ON]->prey-[:CLASSIFIED_AS]->preyTaxon RETURN distinct(preyTaxon.name) as `prey.taxon.name` LIMIT 10")
result
## prey.taxon.name
## 1 Homo sapiens
## 2 Macropus bernardus
## 3 Mysticeti
## 4 Dendrolagus scottae
## 5 Engraulis japonicus
## 6 Sergia lucens
## 7 Martes melampus
## 8 Lophocebus albigena
## 9 Salmonidae
## 10 Moschus chrysogaster
This particular query returns the names of the first ten known prey or diet items of humans (Homo sapiens). More examples of GloBI specific Cypher queries can be found on the GloBI Cypher Wiki.
By default, the amount of results are limited. If you'd like to retrieve all results, you can used pagination. For instance, to retrieve parasitic interactions using pagination, you can use:
otherkeys = list("limit"=10, "skip"=0)
first_page_of_ten <- get_interactions_by_type(interactiontype = c("hasParasite"), otherkeys = otherkeys)
otherkeys = list("limit"=10, "skip"=10)
second_page_of_ten <- get_interactions_by_type(interactiontype = c("hasParasite"), otherkeys = otherkeys)
To exhaust all available interactions, you can keep paging results until the size of the page is less than the limit (e.g., nrows(interactions) < limit).
GloBI integrations with various different taxonomies (see Selecting specific taxonomies).
To select a specific preferred taxonomy like the Open Tree of Life reference taxonomy to retrieve up to 10 parasitic interactions, use:
parasitic_interactions <- get_interactions_by_type(interactiontype = c("hasParasite"), otherkeys = list("taxonIdPrefix"="OTT", "limit"=10))
Note that if no taxonomic mapping for the preferred taxonomy is available, another taxonomy will be selected.