The MittagLeffleR R package
The first type Mittag-Leffler distribution is a heavy-tailed distribution, and occurs mainly as a waiting time distribution in problems with “fractional” time scales, e.g. times between earthquakes.
The second type Mittag-Leffler distribution is light-tailed, and “inverse” to the sum-stable distributions. It typically models the number of events in fractional systems and is used for time-changes of stochastic processes, e.g. anomalous diffusion processes.
You can install MittagLeffleR from CRAN via
install.packages("MittagLeffleR")
library(MittagLeffleR)
Install the devtools
package first, then
# install.packages("devtools")
devtools::install_github("strakaps/MittagLeffler")
library(MittagLeffleR)
See the reference manual at strakaps.github.io/MittagLeffleR/reference/index.html
Generate a dataset first:
library(MittagLeffleR)
y = rml(n = 10000, tail = 0.9, scale = 2)
Fit the distribution:
logMomentEstimator(y, 0.95)
#> nu delta nuLo nuHi deltaLo deltaHi
#> 0.8979629 2.0015598 0.8976156 0.8983103 1.9996012 2.0035184
Read off
Standard Brownian motion with drift (1) has, at time (t), has a normal probability density (n(x|= t, ^2 = t)). A fractional diffusion at time (t) has the time-changed probability density
[p(x,t) = n(x| = u, ^2 = u)h(u,t) du]
where (h(u,t)) is a second type Mittag-Leffler probability density with scale (t^). (We assume (t=1).)
tail <- 0.65
dx <- 0.01
x <- seq(-2,5,dx)
umax <- qml(p = 0.99, tail = tail, scale = 1, second.type = TRUE)
u <- seq(0.01,umax,dx)
h <- dml(x = u, tail = tail, scale = 1, second.type = TRUE)
N <- outer(x,u,function(x,u){dnorm(x = x, mean = u, sd = sqrt(u))})
p <- N %*% h * dx
plot(x,p, type='l', main = "Fractional diffusion with drift at t=1")
See the page strakaps.github.io/MittagLeffleR/articles/ for vignettes on