# ifndef CPPAD_CORE_FORWARD_HPP
# define CPPAD_CORE_FORWARD_HPP

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
CppAD: C++ Algorithmic Differentiation: Copyright (C) 2003-17 Bradley M. Bell

CppAD is distributed under multiple licenses. This distribution is under
the terms of the
                    GNU General Public License Version 3.

A copy of this license is included in the COPYING file of this distribution.
Please visit http://www.coin-or.org/CppAD/ for information on other licenses.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

// documened after Forward but included here so easy to see
# include <cppad/core/capacity_order.hpp>
# include <cppad/core/num_skip.hpp>
# include <cppad/core/check_for_nan.hpp>

namespace CppAD { // BEGIN_CPPAD_NAMESPACE
/*!
\file forward.hpp
User interface to forward mode computations.
*/

/*!
Multiple orders, one direction, forward mode Taylor coefficieints.

\tparam Base
The type used during the forward mode computations; i.e., the corresponding
recording of operations used the type AD<Base>.

\tparam VectorBase
is a Simple Vector class with eleements of type Base.

\param q
is the hightest order for this forward mode computation; i.e.,
after this calculation there will be <code>q+1</code>
Taylor coefficients per variable.

\param xq
contains Taylor coefficients for the independent variables.
The size of xq must either be n or <code>(q+1)*n</code>,
We define <code>p = q + 1 - xq.size()/n</code>.
For <code>j = 0 , ... , n-1</code>,
<code>k = p, ... , q</code>, are
<code>xq[ (q+1-p)*j + k - p ]</code>
is the k-th order coefficient for the j-th independent variable.

\param s
Is the stream where output corresponding to PriOp operations will written.

\return
contains Taylor coefficients for the dependent variables.
The size of the return value y is <code>m*(q+1-p)</code>.
For <code>i = 0, ... , m-1</code>,
<code>k = p, ..., q</code>,
<code>y[(q+1-p)*i + (k-p)]</code>
is the k-th order coefficient for the i-th dependent variable.

\par taylor_
The Taylor coefficients up to order p-1 are inputs
and the coefficents from order p through q are outputs.
Let <code>N = num_var_tape_</code>, and
<code>C = cap_order_taylor_</code>.
Note that for
<code>i = 1 , ..., N-1</code>,
<code>k = 0 , ..., q</code>,
<code>taylor_[ C*i + k ]</code>
is the k-th order cofficent,
for the i-th varaible on the tape.
(The first independent variable has index one on the tape
and there is no variable with index zero.)
*/

template <typename Base>
template <typename VectorBase>
VectorBase ADFun<Base>::Forward(
	size_t              q         ,
	const VectorBase&   xq        ,
	      std::ostream& s         )
{	// temporary indices
	size_t i, j, k;

	// number of independent variables
	size_t n = ind_taddr_.size();

	// number of dependent variables
	size_t m = dep_taddr_.size();

	// check Vector is Simple Vector class with Base type elements
	CheckSimpleVector<Base, VectorBase>();


	CPPAD_ASSERT_KNOWN(
		size_t(xq.size()) == n || size_t(xq.size()) == n*(q+1),
		"Forward(q, xq): xq.size() is not equal n or n*(q+1)"
	);

	// lowest order we are computing
	size_t p = q + 1 - size_t(xq.size()) / n;
	CPPAD_ASSERT_UNKNOWN( p == 0 || p == q );
	CPPAD_ASSERT_KNOWN(
		q <= num_order_taylor_ || p == 0,
		"Forward(q, xq): Number of Taylor coefficient orders stored in this"
		" ADFun\nis less than q and xq.size() != n*(q+1)."
	);
	CPPAD_ASSERT_KNOWN(
		p <= 1 || num_direction_taylor_ == 1,
		"Forward(q, xq): computing order q >= 2"
		" and number of directions is not one."
		"\nMust use Forward(q, r, xq) for this case"
	);
	// does taylor_ need more orders or fewer directions
	if( (cap_order_taylor_ <= q) | (num_direction_taylor_ != 1) )
	{	if( p == 0 )
		{	// no need to copy old values during capacity_order
			num_order_taylor_ = 0;
		}
		else	num_order_taylor_ = q;
		size_t c = std::max(q + 1, cap_order_taylor_);
		size_t r = 1;
		capacity_order(c, r);
	}
	CPPAD_ASSERT_UNKNOWN( cap_order_taylor_ > q );
	CPPAD_ASSERT_UNKNOWN( num_direction_taylor_ == 1 );

	// short hand notation for order capacity
	size_t C = cap_order_taylor_;

	// The optimizer may skip a step that does not affect dependent variables.
	// Initilaizing zero order coefficients avoids following valgrind warning:
	// "Conditional jump or move depends on uninitialised value(s)".
	for(j = 0; j < num_var_tape_; j++)
	{	for(k = p; k <= q; k++)
			taylor_[C * j + k] = CppAD::numeric_limits<Base>::quiet_NaN();
	}

	// set Taylor coefficients for independent variables
	for(j = 0; j < n; j++)
	{	CPPAD_ASSERT_UNKNOWN( ind_taddr_[j] < num_var_tape_  );

		// ind_taddr_[j] is operator taddr for j-th independent variable
		CPPAD_ASSERT_UNKNOWN( play_.GetOp( ind_taddr_[j] ) == local::InvOp );

		if( p == q )
			taylor_[ C * ind_taddr_[j] + q] = xq[j];
		else
		{	for(k = 0; k <= q; k++)
				taylor_[ C * ind_taddr_[j] + k] = xq[ (q+1)*j + k];
		}
	}

	// evaluate the derivatives
	CPPAD_ASSERT_UNKNOWN( cskip_op_.size() == play_.num_op_rec() );
	CPPAD_ASSERT_UNKNOWN( load_op_.size()  == play_.num_load_op_rec() );
	if( q == 0 )
	{	local::forward0sweep(&play_, s, true,
			n, num_var_tape_, C,
			taylor_.data(), cskip_op_.data(), load_op_,
			compare_change_count_,
			compare_change_number_,
			compare_change_op_index_
		);
	}
	else
	{	local::forward1sweep(&play_, s, true, p, q,
			n, num_var_tape_, C,
			taylor_.data(), cskip_op_.data(), load_op_,
			compare_change_count_,
			compare_change_number_,
			compare_change_op_index_
		);
	}

	// return Taylor coefficients for dependent variables
	VectorBase yq;
	if( p == q )
	{	yq.resize(m);
		for(i = 0; i < m; i++)
		{	CPPAD_ASSERT_UNKNOWN( dep_taddr_[i] < num_var_tape_  );
			yq[i] = taylor_[ C * dep_taddr_[i] + q];
		}
	}
	else
	{	yq.resize(m * (q+1) );
		for(i = 0; i < m; i++)
		{	for(k = 0; k <= q; k++)
				yq[ (q+1) * i + k] =
					taylor_[ C * dep_taddr_[i] + k ];
		}
	}
# ifndef NDEBUG
	if( check_for_nan_ )
	{	bool ok = true;
		size_t index = m;
		if( p == 0 )
		{	for(i = 0; i < m; i++)
			{	// Visual Studio 2012, CppAD required in front of isnan ?
				if( CppAD::isnan( yq[ (q+1) * i + 0 ] ) )
				{	ok    = false;
					if( index == m )
						index = i;
				}
			}
		}
		if( ! ok )
		{	CPPAD_ASSERT_UNKNOWN( index < m );
			//
			CppAD::vector<Base> x0(n);
			for(j = 0; j < n; j++)
				x0[j] = taylor_[ C * ind_taddr_[j] + 0 ];
			std::string  file_name;
			put_check_for_nan(x0, file_name);
			std::stringstream ss;
			ss <<
			"yq = f.Forward(q, xq): a zero order Taylor coefficient is nan.\n"
			"Corresponding independent variables vector was written "
			"to binary a file.\n"
			"vector_size = " << n << "\n" <<
			"file_name = " << file_name << "\n" <<
			"index = " << index << "\n";
			// ss.str() returns a string object with a copy of the current
			// contents in the stream buffer.
			std::string msg_str       = ss.str();
			// msg_str.c_str() returns a pointer to the c-string
			// representation of the string object's value.
			const char* msg_char_star = msg_str.c_str();
			ErrorHandler::Call(
				true,
				__LINE__,
				__FILE__,
				"if( CppAD::isnan( yq[ (q+1) * index + 0 ] )",
				msg_char_star
			);
		}
		CPPAD_ASSERT_KNOWN(ok,
			"with the value nan."
		);
		if( 0 < q )
		{	for(i = 0; i < m; i++)
			{	for(k = p; k <= q; k++)
				{	// Studio 2012, CppAD required in front of isnan ?
					ok &= ! CppAD::isnan( yq[ (q+1-p)*i + k-p ] );
				}
			}
		}
		CPPAD_ASSERT_KNOWN(ok,
		"yq = f.Forward(q, xq): has a non-zero order Taylor coefficient\n"
		"with the value nan (but zero order coefficients are not nan)."
		);
	}
# endif

	// now we have q + 1  taylor_ coefficient orders per variable
	num_order_taylor_ = q + 1;

	return yq;
}

/*!
One order, multiple directions, forward mode Taylor coefficieints.

\tparam Base
The type used during the forward mode computations; i.e., the corresponding
recording of operations used the type AD<Base>.

\tparam VectorBase
is a Simple Vector class with eleements of type Base.

\param q
is the order for this forward mode computation,
<code>q > 0</code>.
There must be at least <code>q</code> Taylor coefficients
per variable before this call.
After this call there will be <code>q+1</code>
Taylor coefficients per variable.

\param r
is the number of directions for this calculation.
If <code>q != 1</code>, \c r must be the same as in the previous
call to Forward where \c q was equal to one.

\param xq
contains Taylor coefficients for the independent variables.
The size of xq must either be <code>r*n</code>,
For <code>j = 0 , ... , n-1</code>,
<code>ell = 0, ... , r-1</code>,
<code>xq[ ( r*j + ell ]</code>
is the q-th order coefficient for the j-th independent variable
and the ell-th direction.

\return
contains Taylor coefficients for the dependent variables.
The size of the return value \c y is <code>r*m</code>.
For <code>i = 0, ... , m-1</code>,
<code>ell = 0, ... , r-1</code>,
<code>y[ r*i + ell ]</code>
is the q-th order coefficient for the i-th dependent variable
and the ell-th direction.

\par taylor_
The Taylor coefficients up to order <code>q-1</code> are inputs
and the coefficents of order \c q are outputs.
Let <code>N = num_var_tape_</code>, and
<code>C = cap_order_taylor_</code>.
Note that for
<code>i = 1 , ..., N-1</code>,
<code>taylor_[ (C-1)*r*i + i + 0 ]</code>
is the zero order cofficent,
for the i-th varaible, and all directions.
For <code>i = 1 , ..., N-1</code>,
<code>k = 1 , ..., q</code>,
<code>ell = 0 , ..., r-1</code>,
<code>taylor_[ (C-1)*r*i + i + (k-1)*r + ell + 1 ]</code>
is the k-th order cofficent,
for the i-th varaible, and ell-th direction.
(The first independent variable has index one on the tape
and there is no variable with index zero.)
*/

template <typename Base>
template <typename VectorBase>
VectorBase ADFun<Base>::Forward(
	size_t              q         ,
	size_t              r         ,
	const VectorBase&   xq        )
{	// temporary indices
	size_t i, j, ell;

	// number of independent variables
	size_t n = ind_taddr_.size();

	// number of dependent variables
	size_t m = dep_taddr_.size();

	// check Vector is Simple Vector class with Base type elements
	CheckSimpleVector<Base, VectorBase>();

	CPPAD_ASSERT_KNOWN( q > 0, "Forward(q, r, xq): q == 0" );
	CPPAD_ASSERT_KNOWN(
		size_t(xq.size()) == r * n,
		"Forward(q, r, xq): xq.size() is not equal r * n"
	);
	CPPAD_ASSERT_KNOWN(
		q <= num_order_taylor_ ,
		"Forward(q, r, xq): Number of Taylor coefficient orders stored in"
		" this ADFun is less than q"
	);
	CPPAD_ASSERT_KNOWN(
		q == 1 || num_direction_taylor_ == r ,
		"Forward(q, r, xq): q > 1 and number of Taylor directions r"
		" is not same as previous Forward(1, r, xq)"
	);

	// does taylor_ need more orders or new number of directions
	if( cap_order_taylor_ <= q || num_direction_taylor_ != r )
	{	if( num_direction_taylor_ != r )
			num_order_taylor_ = 1;

		size_t c = std::max(q + 1, cap_order_taylor_);
		capacity_order(c, r);
	}
	CPPAD_ASSERT_UNKNOWN( cap_order_taylor_ > q );
	CPPAD_ASSERT_UNKNOWN( num_direction_taylor_ == r )

	// short hand notation for order capacity
	size_t c = cap_order_taylor_;

	// set Taylor coefficients for independent variables
	for(j = 0; j < n; j++)
	{	CPPAD_ASSERT_UNKNOWN( ind_taddr_[j] < num_var_tape_  );

		// ind_taddr_[j] is operator taddr for j-th independent variable
		CPPAD_ASSERT_UNKNOWN( play_.GetOp( ind_taddr_[j] ) == local::InvOp );

		for(ell = 0; ell < r; ell++)
		{	size_t index = ((c-1)*r + 1)*ind_taddr_[j] + (q-1)*r + ell + 1;
			taylor_[ index ] = xq[ r * j + ell ];
		}
	}

	// evaluate the derivatives
	CPPAD_ASSERT_UNKNOWN( cskip_op_.size() == play_.num_op_rec() );
	CPPAD_ASSERT_UNKNOWN( load_op_.size()  == play_.num_load_op_rec() );
	local::forward2sweep(
		&play_,
		q,
		r,
		n,
		num_var_tape_,
		c,
		taylor_.data(),
		cskip_op_.data(),
		load_op_
	);

	// return Taylor coefficients for dependent variables
	VectorBase yq;
	yq.resize(r * m);
	for(i = 0; i < m; i++)
	{	CPPAD_ASSERT_UNKNOWN( dep_taddr_[i] < num_var_tape_  );
		for(ell = 0; ell < r; ell++)
		{	size_t index = ((c-1)*r + 1)*dep_taddr_[i] + (q-1)*r + ell + 1;
			yq[ r * i + ell ] = taylor_[ index ];
		}
	}
# ifndef NDEBUG
	if( check_for_nan_ )
	{	bool ok = true;
		for(i = 0; i < m; i++)
		{	for(ell = 0; ell < r; ell++)
			{	// Studio 2012, CppAD required in front of isnan ?
				ok &= ! CppAD::isnan( yq[ r * i + ell ] );
			}
		}
		CPPAD_ASSERT_KNOWN(ok,
		"yq = f.Forward(q, r, xq): has a non-zero order Taylor coefficient\n"
		"with the value nan (but zero order coefficients are not nan)."
		);
	}
# endif

	// now we have q + 1  taylor_ coefficient orders per variable
	num_order_taylor_ = q + 1;

	return yq;
}


} // END_CPPAD_NAMESPACE
# endif
