---
title: "4. Convex mixture of m-randomized checkerboards"
author: "Oskar Laverny"
date: "`r Sys.Date()`"
output:
  rmarkdown::html_vignette:
    fig_caption: yes
vignette: >
  %\VignetteIndexEntry{4. Convex mixture of m-randomized checkerboards}
  %\VignetteEngine{knitr::rmarkdown}
  %\VignetteEncoding{UTF-8}
---
```{r setup, include = FALSE}
library(cort)
knitr::opts_chunk$set(
  collapse = TRUE,
  comment = "#>",
  fig.width = 7,
  fig.height = 7
)
```

# Introduction

In this vignette, we will demonstrate how the checkerboard parameters $m$ can be used to produce an efficient meta-model. We will construct $m$-randomized checkerboard copulas, and based on some fit statistics we will then combine them in a convex mixture. Our model here will use all possibles $m_i$'s values for checkerboard copulas and aggregate all those values by optimizing a quadratic loss under resampling condition. As usual, we will work on the LifeCycleSavings dataset : 

```{r "getting data and parameters"}
set.seed(1)
df <- apply(LifeCycleSavings,2,rank)/(nrow(LifeCycleSavings)+1)
d = ncol(df)
n = nrow(df)
nb_replicates = 20 # number of replication of the resampling.
nb_fold = 5 # "k" value for the k-fold resampling method.
nb_cop = 50 # the number of m-randomized checkerboard copulas we will test.
pairs(df,lower.panel = NULL)
```

# Fitting function

The following functions proposes a fit : 

```{r "fitting_functions"}

make_k_fold_samples <- function(data,k = nb_fold,n_repeat = 1){
  
  sapply(1:n_repeat,function(n){
      # shuffle data : 
      data <- data[sample(nrow(data)),]
    
      # create k folds : 
      folds <- cut(seq(1,nrow(data)),breaks=k,labels=FALSE)
      
      sapply(1:k,function(i){
        test_index <- which(folds==i,arr.ind=TRUE)
        test <- 
        train <- 
        return(list(train = data[-test_index,], 
                    test = data[test_index,]))
      },simplify=FALSE)
  })
}

build_random_m <- function(how_much=1,dim = d,nrow_data){
  t(sapply(1:how_much,function(i){
    m_pos = (2:nrow_data)[nrow_data%%(2:nrow_data)==0]
    sample(m_pos,d,replace=TRUE)
  }))
}

build_all_checkerboard <- function(sampled_data,m){
  lapply(sampled_data,function(d){
    apply(m,1,function(m_){
      cbCopula(x = d$train,m = m_,pseudo=TRUE)
    })
  })
}

samples <- make_k_fold_samples(df,k=nb_fold,n_repeat=nb_replicates)
rand_m <- build_random_m(nb_cop,d,nrow(samples[[1]]$train))
cops <- build_all_checkerboard(samples,rand_m)

```



Let's first calculate the empirical copula values : 

```{r}
pEmpCop <- function(points,data=df){
  sapply(1:nrow(points),function(i){
    sum(colSums(t(data) <= points[i,]) == d)
  }) / nrow(data)
}

```


Now, we also need to calculate the errors that our copulas made compared to the empirical copula (our benchmark).
```{r}

# We need to calculate for each copula it's error.


error <- function(cop,i,j){
  
  test <- samples[[i]]$test
  
  
  return(sum((pCopula(test,cop) - pEmpCop(test))^2))
  
}


errors <- sapply(1:(nb_replicates*nb_fold),function(i){
  sapply(1:nb_cop,function(j){
   error(cops[[i]][[j]],i,j)
  })
})

rmse_by_model <- sqrt(rowMeans(errors))
plot(rmse_by_model)

```


Each point on the graph correspond to the rmse of a model. We recall the values of $m$ used by those models : 

```{r}
rand_m
```




```{r}
convex_combination <- ConvexCombCopula(unlist(cops,recursive=FALSE),alpha = rep(1/rmse_by_model,nb_replicates*nb_fold))
simu = rCopula(1000,convex_combination)
pairs(simu,lower.panel = NULL,cex=0.5)
```

Which is quite good compared to the dataset we started with. This process is really fast and useful, and can of course be used for high-dimensional datasets.

The parameters `nb_fold`, `nb_repeats`, `nb_cop` could be further optimized. Furthermore, if some multivariate margins are known, the same thing could be done using `cbkmCopula()` instead of `cbCopula()` models.


